91 killed, hundreds wounded by 7.0 earthquake in Indonesia’s Lombok island

The latest quake had a magnitude of seven and struck just 10 km underground, the USGS said

At least 91 people have been killed after a powerful earthquake measuring 7 on the Richter scale jolted the Indonesian island of Lombok, officials said.

Also, hundreds of people have been wounded by Sunday’s quake, disaster management officials said, BBC reported.

The magnitude seven tremor was shallow, happening only 10 km underground. It damaged thousands of buildings and triggered power cuts.

In the neighbouring island of Bali, video footage showed people running from their homes screaming.

The quake comes a week after another quake hit Lombok, a popular tourist site for its beaches and hiking trails, killing at least 16 people.

A tsunami warning was issued but was lifted after a few hours.

A spokesman for Indonesia’s disaster mitigation agency said many buildings had been affected in Lombok’s main city of Mataram, most of them built with weak construction materials.

Article Source : BS

Strike over Article 35A cripples life for 2nd day

Life in Kashmir remained severely affected today for the second consecutive day due to a complete shutdown called by separatists against the legal challenge in the Supreme Court on the validity of Article 35A.

The two-day strike called by the Joint Resistance Leadership (JRL) — comprising Syed Ali Shah Geelani, Mirwaiz Umar Farooq and Mohammad Yasin Malik — comes as the Supreme Court is scheduled to hear a PIL challenging the validity of Article 35A later in the day.

Article 35A, incorporated in the Constitution by a 1954 Presidential Order, confers special status to the permanent residents of Jammu and Kashmir, and bars people from outside the state from acquiring any immovable property in the state.

Educational institutions, shops and business establishments remained closed across the Valley, while all kinds of transport remained off the roads due to the strike.

The state government has filed an application before the registrar of the Supreme Court, informing that it was going to seek adjournment of the hearing in view of the “ongoing preparations” for the upcoming panchayat and urban local body and municipal elections in the state.

Officials said the security forces had been deployed at vulnerable places in the city and elsewhere in Kashmir for maintaining law and order. The situation across the Valley is peaceful with no untoward incident reported from anywhere so far today, the officials said.

Article Source : BS

Hookah or cigarette, what’s more harmful?

The debate on whether smoking a cigarette or Hookah is more harmful has been an endless one. However, researchers may have finally found an answer to the same.

Researchers at the University of California, Los Angeles, have found that smoking Hookah for 30 minutes resulted in the development of cardiovascular risk factors similar to that of cigarette smoking, thereby implying that smoking Hookah is more hazardous to one’s health.

They measured measuring heart rate, blood pressure, arterial stiffness, blood nicotine and exhaled carbon monoxide levels in 48 healthy, young Hookah smokers before and after 30 minutes of smoking.

It was found that a single session of Hookah smoking increased heart rate by 16 beats per minute and blood pressure; and significantly increased measures of arterial stiffness, a key risk factor in the development of cardiovascular conditions such as heart attack or stroke.

The increase in arterial stiffness was comparable to data seen from cigarette smokers after smoking a cigarette.

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Uterine defects during menarche cause fertility problems

Turns out, uterine defects or the problems related to uterus affects the chances of a woman to conceive or carry the fetus to term.




Mullerian Anomalies referred to as the defects associated with abnormal development of the uterus or the fallopian tube accounts to infertility in around 10% of the female trying to conceive.

IVF expert, Dr Arvind Vaid explained that uterine anomalies, a condition where the structure and contour of the uterus differ from normal, is the main cause of infertility. He said, "Studies show that one in every 20 women seeking IVF treatment to conceive is affected by uterine anomalies. Though such uterine abnormalities are not directly linked to infertility many a times the condition is misunderstood until recurrent miscarriages occur. Timely intervention can help prevent miscarriages and help treat the condition to have a healthy course of pregnancy."

Sometimes infertility is attributed to congenital anomalies where defects in the uterus start occurring during the fetal development (birth defects) of the uterus. The abnormalities can vary, ranging from the absence or even duplication of the uterus, cervix, and vagina.

Agenesis, a condition where there is the absence of the vagina or uterus or both, is usually diagnosed during a missing menarche. The condition can be treated with surgery. Surrogacy may be the only way for women with agenesis to have a baby.


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Blocking digestive hormone prevents pancreatic cancer

Turns out, blocking Cholecystokinin (CCK), a digestive hormone, can help in preventing pancreatic cancer.

In comparison to the recent research, previous ones have shown that obesity and high-fat diets both together as well as independently increase the risk of pancreatic cancer.

CCK is released by the small intestine and is associated with obesity. Dietary fat triggers the secretion of CCK and those who follow a diet high in saturated fats often have high levels of CCK.

CCK also regulates regeneration that takes place after partial surgical removal of the pancreas.

Pancreatic growth and regeneration occur through the interaction of CCK with CCK receptors, proteins that bind to CCK to produce a physiological reaction.

In separate studies conducted on mices involved the interactions between dietary fat, CCK, and pancreatic cancer cell growth.

In all studies, half the mice were fed a high-fat diet and the other half followed a normal diet.

In the first study, half of the animals were treated with proglumide, a medication that blocks CCK. In the second study, the mice had tumours lacking CCK. In the third study, the mice were deficient in CCK and had pancreatic tumours.

ARTICLE SOURCE : BS

Toxic air to blame for lung cancer; no longer just a smoker’s disease

Currently, lung cancer is responsible for five deaths per 1,000 in India and seven per 1,000 in Delhi

Smokers and non-smokers now represent an equal number of lung cancer patients, according to a study carried out by the Lung Care Foundation, a not-for-profit organisation focused on improving lung health in India.

An analysis of 150 patients at Sir Ganga Ram Hospital (SGRH), New Delhi, found that close to 50 per cent of patients with lung cancer–the type of cancer responsible for the highest number of cancer deaths nationwide–had never smoked, and yet had developed the pulmonary disease.

Health professionals in India now believe there is strong evidence that points to the role of air pollution in the increasing incidence of lung cancer amongst the young and female populations.

“This is the first time I have seen this 1:1 ratio of smokers to non-smokers suffering from lung cancer”, Arvind Kumar, chairman, centre for chest surgery, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, told IndiaSpend. “Looking at this data, the obvious reason that comes to mind is air pollution, which contains smoke and PM 2.5.”

PM 2.5 is particulate matter less than 2.5 microns in size, or 30 times finer than a human hair, which, when inhaled deeply into the lungs is known to cause lung cancer, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Outdoor pollution was classified as a cancer-causing agent in 2013 by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), a part of the World Health Organization.

News Source : BS

Use sunscreen thrice a day: 20 skin tips from a dermatologist for summers

One should use a mild scrub twice a week, says dermatologist Sachin Dhawan, along with several other skin care tips during summers

Different seasons require different tactics to maintain a healthy skin, especially in a tropical country like India. The rainy season with high moisture and sticky heat can leave your skin prone to bacteria. Therefore, it is a must to know the right kind of care for your skin type.

Today, we have skin care products not just for hand, but nails as well; not just for the face, but for eyes, nose, lip and eyebrow as well. In such a fast-growing industry, it can be excruciating to keep track of what’s new, what’s old and what to even trust.

You must have read thousands of tips from an equal number of portals. Should you believe in the wonders they promise? Maybe. But how about taking skin care tips from an award-winning dermatologist.

Business Standard asked for skin care tips from Sachin Dhawan, MD Dermatology, Skin n Smiles. Here’s what he has to say for maintaining a healthy, rejuvenating skin:

1. Which SPF sunscreen to use during summer? And why is using an SPF so important?

During summers, one should use sunscreens that are SPF 30 and above. Using an SPF is important to protect the skin from the harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which is not just limited to sun exposure. Smartphone screen, computer screen, LED lights also emit UV radiations, therefore, we should protect our skin by using a good dermatologically tested SPF.

Dr Sachin Dhawan, MD dermatologist, Skin N Smiles Dr Sachin Dhawan, MD dermatologist, Skin N Smiles2. How many time should one clean his/her face?
Twice a day at least, one in the morning and another before going to bed. It should be more frequent if you are out in dust/pollution or if you are working out/sweating more on the face.

3. How to keep skin hydrated during the summer?

Drink at least three to four litres of water, and add fresh juices, coconut water and citrus fruits to your everyday diet. Also, use an oil-free moisturiser.

Article Source : BS

‘Fanney Khan’ is a heartwarming ode to a father’s dream (Film Review)

Film: “Fanney Khan”; Director: Atul Manjrekar; Starring: Anil Kapoor, Aishwarya Rai Bachchan, Rajkummar Rao, Divya Dutta, Pihu Sand, Girish Kulkarni; Rating: *** (3 and half stars)

Fanney Movie review:Tucked away somewhere in this father-daughter heartwarmer, is a story about Baby Singh, a lonely exploited pop singer played by Aishwarya Rai Bachchan whose manager (played with splendid sliminess by Girish Kulkarni) suggests that she do some quick wardrobe malfunction on the ramp to attract attention.

As if malfunction was a bonafide function on the religious calendar.

Aishwarya, God bless her pristine soul, does what any decent girl would. She asks the slimeball to drop her off on the road. Huffing and puffing she hops into a taxi being driven by none other than our ‘Fanney Khan’ a wannabe Mohd Rafi who wants to make his oversized daughter another Lata Mangeshkar.

Mulk Movie Review and Ratings

Cheers to that. The basic thought behind the film is clever and emotionally resplendent. But then why not the songs of the nightingale instead of the absurd music that carpets the crisis.

But then the failed Rafi a.k.a Fanney decides to kidnap the singing diva Baby Singh with the help of a friend (Rajkummar Rao) who promptly falls in love with her.

Article Source : BS

Mulk movie Review : Muscularly lean and emotionally raw courtroom drama

Film: “Mulk”; Director: Anubhav Sinha; Cast: Rishi Kapoor, Taapsee Pannu, Nina Gupta, Ashutosh Rana, Manoj Pahwa, Kumud Mishra, Prateek Smit Babbar, Prachi Shah, Ashrut Jain, Rajat Kapoor

Mulk Movie Review

Director Anubhav Sinha’s thorny, probing drama, “Mulk” traverses hearts as a matter of course.

“Mulk” is a muscularly lean and emotionally raw, fictionalised film, based on real-life cases drawn from newspaper clippings. Drawing from the recent rise of communal tension, the director takes a darker turn to craft a family tale into an intense courtroom drama.

Through a Muslim family trying to reclaim their lost honour, it portrays the tragedy of how we perceive each other with prejudice and differentiate between, “hum aur woh”, or us and them.

Also read : Fanney Khan Movie Review and Rating

The film echoes the voices of Muslims, where anti-Muslim bigotry leads to horrendous and usually one-sided communal violence with state sanction that leaves them feeling scarred, besieged and vulnerable.

The narrative starts off showcasing a harmonious neighbourhood of Benaras, where Murad Ali Mohammed (Rishi Kapoor) a Muslim lawyer resides with his family. They have been living there for several decades and the entire neighbourhood is considered as an extended family.

Considering the undertones of current communal disharmony, Ali’s nephew Shahid, gets influenced by an Islamic extremist who convinces him that Islam and the Muslims are in danger. Shahid offers to be a jihadi and participates by executing a bomb blast in a public transport vehicle, where a number of innocent people are killed.

Article Source : BS

Karwaan movie review : Irrfan Khan elevates this light-hearted comedy

Film: “Karwaan”; Director: Akarsh Khurana; Cast: Irrfan Khan, Dulquer Salmaan, Akash Khurana, Mithila Palkar, Amala Akkineni, Kriti Kharbanda.

Karwaan movie review and rating

Focusing more on the journey rather than on the goal, “Karwaan” is a light-hearted comedy, designed as a road film. So obviously, you have little of the road and more of the comedy which is quirky, subtle and sardonic.

So like a typical, mellow and sweet road film, here the main characters leave their home on a road trip, altering their perspective from their everyday lives. They change, grow or improve over the course of their journey.

The story written by Bejoy Nambiar, brings to fore the question as to how much of a story it really offers? While the setup is interesting, the payoffs and character arcs are flat and unimpressive.

Fanney Khan movie review and rating

This is not a story of hitch-hikers ready to hit the road. But instead, it is the story of a dutiful son Avinash Raj Purohit (Dulquer Salmaan), who ensures that he performs the last rites of his father after his sudden and untimely death in a road accident while on a pilgrimage in North India. Avinash despised his father for not letting him pursue his passion in photography.

Now, reluctantly working in the IT sector and based in Bangalore, Avinash goes to collect his father’s remains from the airport’s cargo section along with his friend Shaukat (Irrfan Khan), who owns a garage. So it is obvious that he gets the vehicle to transport the corpse.

Story Source : BS

Akshay Kumar India’s highest earning entertainer, 76th on Forbes list

Kumar has moved up four places from 2017 list (80) and ousted Salman Khan from the pedestal

For an actor who famously started his working life as a waiter and a cook and whose early days in Bollywood were spent leaping mid-air, Akshay Kumar has come a long way. With $40.5 million (Rs 2.78 billion) to his name and ranked 76 in the global Forbes Top Earning 100 Celebrities 2018 list, he is the biggest celebrity brand that India has today, leaving the industry’s three Khans (Salman, Shah Rukh and Aamir) who have held sway for years, way behind.

Kumar has moved up four places from 2017 list (80) and ousted Salman Khan from the pedestal. Salman, who ranks 82 on the 2018 Forbes list, is down 11 places from 2017 (71) and Shahrukh Khan who was ranked 65 in the 2017 list is not on it this year.

Akshay Kumar made his debut in 1991, as an ‘action’ star in movies that looked for athletic prowess over acting chops. Soon however he donned a new mask, that of a comedy star and then recently, he has changed his colours yet again. Today Kumar is known for the nationalistic-patriotic roles he does, a persona he often carries into his off-screen engagements with brands.

Hero with many faces

Listen to some of the old interviews of Akshay Kumar on YouTube and if there is one thing that strikes you is that he rarely (if ever) talks about an acting bug. Stunts, dancing, money, martial arts—these are the big attractions that Bollywood held out for him right from the start. In one interview he even spoke about how he was bowled over by the huge jump in his monthly pay packet that came about by doing just one movie.

Full Story : BS

jio fibre to home monthly plans leak before pre-bookings start: Details here

While there is no official confirmation on connection cost and plans detail, an online technology portal Trak has curated all leaks around GigaFiber plans on the web

Mukesh Ambani-owned telecommunication service provider Reliance Jio on July 5 announced the Jio GigaFiber, a fiber-to-the-home broadband service for homes, merchants, small and medium enterprises and large enterprises, at the Reliance Industries 41st Annual General Meeting. Though, the salient feature of the broadband connection — 1Gbps download speed – was shared at the event, crucial information such as Jio Gigafiber plans detail and preliminary cost was kept undisclosed, to be unveiled later before final launch.

The pre-registration for the GigaFiber broadband service is set to begin from August 15 on Jio.com and MyJio app. While there is no official confirmation on connection cost and plans detail, an online technology portal Trak has curated all leaks around GigaFiber plans on the web.

Here are details of leaked Jio GigaFiber plans:

Rs 500 plan

In this plan, the GigaFibre would offer 300GB of data for one month at download speed of 50Mbps.

The data limit would be a part of company’s fair usage policy (FUP).

Rs 750 plan

In this plan, the GigaFiber would offer 450GB of data for one month at a download speed of 50Mbps.

Rs 999 plan

In this plan, the GigaFiber would offer 600GB of data for one month at a download speed of 100Mbps.

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Do you have an EMI? RBI rate hike to make your borrowings more expensive

The RBI raised interest rates to the highest in 2 years to tackle inflationary pressures

Planning to take a loan? You should not wait any longer. EMIs (equated monthly installments) on home, personal, auto and other loans are set to get costlier as the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) increased the repo rate by 25 basis points to 6.5 per cent from the previous rate of 6.25 per cent.

The RBI has also raised the reverse repo rate by 25 basis points to 6.25 per cent. The decision was taken during the RBI’s Monetary Policy Committee’s (MPC) bi-monthly meeting on Wednesday.

ALSO READ :  RBI monetary policy: Hike as expected; next increase likely in 2019

In its last monetary policy meeting on June 6, the RBI had already increased the repo rate by 25 bps (basis points). Headed by governor Urjit Patel, the central bank raised key policy rates to the highest in two years for the second time in a row in last two months to tackle inflationary pressures.

Over the last two bi-monthly MPC review meetings; there has been a total of 50 bps increase in the repo rate. The second-consecutive increase in repo rate comes as a shocker for those who are already paying EMIS, taken loans from banks or are planning to borrow in future.

ARTICLE SOURCE : BS 

8 people died every day on Mumbai locals last year, toll 18,000 in 5 years

As many as 49,790 people died on railway tracks after being hit by trains nationwide between 2015 and 2017

Eight people died every day on Mumbai’s railway tracks in 2017, down 20% from 10 deaths every day in 2013, data from Government Railway Police (GRP), Mumbai, show.

About 8 million passengers–more than the population of Hyderabad–travel on the Mumbai rail network every week day on 2,800 services with the highest passenger density in the world.

A woman was killed after being hit by a train at Mumbai’s Bandra station on July 19, 2018, while trying to cross the tracks with her two kids who were injured, Times of India reported on July 19, 2018.

In another incident, a 50-year old banker died after she slipped into the gap between the train and a platform at Borivali station, First Post reported on July 13, 2018.

Mumbai’s Elphinstone station was renamed Prabhadevi on July 19, 2018, which led to questions about renaming stations instead of focusing on the city’s crumbling rail infrastructure.

Article Source : BS

Indian-origin mathematician Akshay Venkatesh gets prestigious Fields medal

Venkatesh won the Fields Medal for his profound contributions to an exceptionally broad range of subjects in mathematics

Akshay Venkatesh, a renowned Indian-Australian mathematician, is one of four winners of mathematics’ prestigious Fields medal, known as the Nobel prize for math.

The Fields medals are awarded every four years to the most promising mathematicians under the age of 40.

New Delhi-born Venkatesh, 36, who is currently teaching at Stanford University, has won the Fields Medal for his profound contributions to an exceptionally broad range of subjects in mathematics.

The citation for his medal awarded on Wednesday at the International Congress of Mathematicians in Rio de Janeiro highlights his profound contributions to an exceptionally broad range of subjects in mathematics and his strikingly far-reaching conjectures.

The other three winners are: — Caucher Birkar, a Cambridge University professor of Iranian Kurdish origin; Germany’s Peter Scholze, who teaches at the University of Bonn and Alessio Figalli, an Italian mathematician at ETH Zurich.

Each winner receives a 15,000 Canadian-dollar cash prize.

At least two, and preferably four people, are always honoured in the award ceremony.

The prize was inaugurated in 1932 at the request of Canadian mathematician John Charles Fields, who ran the 1924 Mathematics Congress in Toronto.

From being a child prodigy to becoming one of the most renowned researchers in the field of mathematics, Venkatesh’s journey has been full of achievements and accolades.

News Source : BS

LPG price hiked again: Subsidised cylinder to cost Rs 498.02 in Delhi

Oil firms revise LPG price on 1st of every month based on average benchmark rate and foreign exchange rate in the previous month

Subsidised cooking gas (LPG) price was on Tuesday hiked by Rs 1.76 per cylinder due to tax impact on the change in base price.

Subsidised LPG with effect from Tuesday night will cost Rs 498.02 per cylinder in Delhi as against Rs 496.26 currently, a statement issued by Indian Oil Corp (IOC), the nation’s largest fuel retailer, said.

All LPG consumers have to buy the fuel at market price. The government, however, subsidises 12 cylinders of 14.2-kg each per households in a year by providing the subsidy amount directly in bank accounts of users.

This subsidy amount varies from month to month depending on the changes in average international benchmark LPG rate and foreign exchange rate.

When international rates move up, the government provides a higher subsidy. But as per tax rules, GST on LPG has to be calculated at the market rate of the fuel. The government may choose to subsidise a part of the price but tax will have to be paid at market rates.

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Maharashtra govt approves Rs 79 bn for water projects in drought-hit areas

The jumbo proposal is aimed at the completion of works in Konkan, Nashik, Aurangabad, Amravati, Nagpur and Pune divisions

The Maharashtra government has approved over Rs 70 billion to complete the drinking water projects in scarcity-hit areas, state minister Babanrao Lonikar said.

The government is committed to provide water to all villages that are perennially dry, the water supply and sanitation minister said in a release issued last night.

Under the National Rural Drinking Water Scheme, the government has approved a proposal of Rs 79.52 billion for completing 6,624 water projects in 10,583 villages, he said.

The jumbo proposal is aimed at the completion of works in Konkan, Nashik, Aurangabad, Amravati, Nagpur and Pune divisions.

Nearly 6,500 projects have already been completed in the last four years by spending Rs 55 billion, Lonikar said.

During the last four years, the main emphasis was to complete the pending projects, he said.

The water supply department ensured that funds were properly utilised and action was taken against district bodies misusing the money, he added.

Notably, the Marathwada region of Maharashtra is a perennially drought-hit area.

The region received only 86 per cent of its average rainfall last year, a senior revenue official had earlier said.

Article Source : BS

Women’s Hockey World Cup: India beats Italy by 3-0 to enter quarter-finals

On August 2, India to play against Ireland for the quarterfinal match

Asian champions India powered past lower-ranked Italy with an easy 3-0 victory in a playoff here on Tuesday to set-up a quarter-final against Ireland in the Women’s Hockey World Cup.

World No 10 India produced a good all-round display and were helped by goals from Lalremsiami (ninth minute), Neha Goyal (45th) and Vandana Katariya (55th) at the Lee Valley Hockey and Tennis Centre.

India had to be alert against world No 17 Italy, who had defeated higher-ranked sides South Korea and China to qualify for the playoffs. Even though the European outfit conceded 12 goals against the Netherlands in their last game, both Italy and India were guarded against each other. It resulted with the match opening up with a slow tempo during the beginning moments of the first period.

But India created a glorious opportunity in the ninth minute as Navjot Kaur won the first penalty corner of the match. The resulting flick was taken by Gurjit Kaur and her fierce strike was deflected away by the first rusher….

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BlackBerry Key2 review: Legacy keyboard design gets a fresh, useful twist

The BlackBerry Key2 features an enhanced design, slightly powerful processor, more RAM, latest Google Android operating system and a dual camera set-up on the back

Canadian smartphone brand BlackBerry, licensed to India-based Optiemus Infracom, on July 23 launched the BlackBerry Key2, a successor to the BlackBerry KeyOne, which had a full-QWERTY keyboard. Compared to the predecessor, the Key2 not only features an enhanced design but also gets a slightly powerful processor, more RAM, latest Google Android operating system, and a dual-camera set-up at the back. The Amazon-exclusive touch and type smartphone goes on sale today i.e. July 31.

In current times, when almost all smartphones have begun to look almost the same, the BlackBerry Key2, with a rectangular touchscreen-cum-physical-keyboard design, offers a fresh new experience. But, is it worth going back to legacy keyboard design, which one ditched in favour of the all-screen mobile phone format? Let’s find out:

Design

The BlackBerry Key2 impresses with its lightweight design. The phone’s back has a soft texture, which makes it easy to hold the device and use the QWERTY keyboard comfortably. The phone’s rectangular aluminium chassis gives it a solid stance and adds to its overall appeal. The chassis houses volume rocker keys, power key and a customisable speed key on the right, while the left has an ejectable dualSIM slot. On the top, the phone has a 3.5mm audio output jack and the secondary microphone, and the bottom is covered with a USB type-C charging-cum-data transfer port surrounded by 12-hole grilles on either side with a speaker and a primary microphone…..READ MORE

Give us Mallya, we’ll give him the toilet he wants: Modi govt to UK court

Five photos of western style toilets were presented to convince the court that acceptable standards would be extended to Mallya

The Narendra Modi government gave an assurance on Tuesday to the British court hearing its application for the extradition of businessman Vijay Mallya to India that if sent back, Mallya will be provided a private western style toilet and wash facilities at Mumbai’s Arthur Road prison, where he is proposed to be held.

Barrister Mark Summers, appearing for the British Crown Prosecution Service on behalf of the Government of India, said: “The Indian government will honour these assurances.” He had earlier submitted a third letter of assurance on the subject to the court, presided over by the Chief Magistrate of the Westminster Magistrates’ Court Emma Arbuthnot.

Mallya was the owner of the now defunct Kingfisher Airlines, which is alleged to owe Rs 90 billion to Indian banks, his figure being Rs 55 billion. He is liable as he provided his personal guarantee in drawing the money. The extradition matter, though, is only about Rs 7.5 billion borrowed from IDBI Bank, where he and executives of the bank are accused of conspiracy and fraud. Mallya denies the charge and is otherwise a significant shareholder in United Breweries, which produces Kingfisher Beer….READ FULL STORY